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51.
Featured Collection Introduction: Synthesis and Analysis of Conservation Effects Assessment Projects for Improved Water Quality 下载免费PDF全文
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Javier Tomás Audrey J. Geffen Richard S. Millner Carmen G. Piñeiro George Tserpes 《Marine Biology》2006,148(6):1399-1413
The composition of the opaque and translucent bands in the otoliths of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) from three different populations (Celtic Sea, Galicia shelf and Cretan Sea) was analysed with wavelength dispersive spectrometry
(WDS) and differences in Ca, Sr and Na were compared. The translucent bands (annual marks and checks altogether) were significantly
richer in Sr and Ca and significantly poorer in Na than opaque bands. Results support the idea of a more compact arrangement
of crystals in translucent bands compared to opaque. Analyses did not help to discriminate between putative annual marks and
checks. Clear differences in the range of Sr/Ca variation across the otolith as well as in the composition of the otolith
core were observed among the three populations. As a result it was possible to discriminate the natal origin of each fish
using the composition of the otolith core in Ca, Sr and Na. Nevertheless, the overall pattern across the otolith was similar
among the three populations suggesting the existence of ontogenetic trends. Variation of Na/Ca ratios was largely uninformative.
Based on these results, a conceptual model for hake is proposed which integrates the different sources of otolith Sr/Ca variation:
ambient Sr/Ca, endogenous cues (ontogeny) and exogenous cues (environment). 相似文献
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Akcha Farida Barranger Audrey Bachère Evelyne 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):8266-8280
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recently, research has contributed to better knowledge on the occurrence of pesticides in coastal water by identifying frequently detected substances,... 相似文献
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Natalia Valero Inmaculada Aguilera Sabrina Llop Ana Esplugues Audrey de Nazelle Ferran Ballester Jordi Sunyer 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1196-1201
Determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were assessed in a subset of pregnant women of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Home indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations were measured during 48 h with passive samplers for 50 and 58 women from the INMA cohorts of Valencia and Sabadell, respectively. Women from Sabadell also carried personal NO2 samplers during the same period. Data on time–activity patterns, socio-economic characteristics, and environmental exposures were obtained through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict NO2 levels.In Valencia, median outdoor NO2 levels (42 µg/m3) were higher than median indoor levels (36 µg/m3). In Sabadell, personal NO2 showed the highest median levels (40 µg/m3), followed by indoor (32 µg/m3) and outdoor (29 µg/m3) levels. Personal exposure to NO2 correlated best with the indoor NO2 levels. Temporal and traffic-related variables were significant predictors for outdoor NO2 levels. Thirty-two percent of the indoor NO2 variability in the two cohorts was explained by outdoor NO2 levels and the use of the gas appliances. The model for personal exposure accounted for 59% of the variance in NO2 levels in Sabadell with four predictor variables (outdoor and indoor NO2 levels, time spent in outdoor environments and time exposed to a gas cooker). No significant association was found between personal or indoor NO2 levels and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home.Personal NO2 levels were found to be strongly influenced by indoor NO2 concentrations. The study supports the use of time–activity patterns along with indoor measurements to predict personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. 相似文献
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Jeffrey Soller Martha Embrey Laura Tuhela Audrey Ichida Jeffrey Rosen 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(11):2329-2335
Drinking water regulations in the United States and elsewhere are based on the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria. Though not meeting all the criteria of an ideal indicator, nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used worldwide as an indicator of potential fecal contamination for drinking water and for distribution systems. This is, in part, because real illnesses are related to human pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, whose presence may be predicted better by E. coli than by total coliform bacteria. Our objective was to estimate the number of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses attributable to drinking water exposures in the United States and the feasible relationships between positive occurrences of the indicator bacteria E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. Results of the modeling indicate that in undisinfected drinking water systems, the ratio of bacterial indicator E. coli positives to E. coli O157:H7 organisms is estimated to be between 6:1 and 90:1 with few model parameters accounting for the vast majority of the uncertainty. These results provide context for considering the potential public health implications of a positive E. coli result from routine monitoring of undisinfected drinking water. 相似文献
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Cardoso AJ Levine AD Rhea LR 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(1):19-26
Disposal practices for bottom ash and fly ash from waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities include emplacement in ash monofills or co-disposal with municipal solid waste (MSW) and residues from water and wastewater treatment facilities. In some cases, WTE residues are used as daily cover in landfills that receive MSW. A recurring problem in many landfills is the development of calcium-based precipitates in leachate collection systems. Although MSW contains varying levels of calcium, WTE residues and treatment plant sludges have the potential to contribute concentrated sources of leachable minerals into landfill leachates. This study was conducted to evaluate the leachability of calcium and other minerals from residues generated by WTE combustion using residues obtained from three WTE facilities in Florida (two mass-burn and one refuse-derived fuel). Leaching potential was quantified as a function of contact time and liquid-to-solid ratios with batch tests and longer-term leaching tests using laboratory lysimeters to simulate an ash monofill containing fly ash and bottom ash. The leachate generated as a result of these tests had total dissolved solid (TDS) levels ranging from 5 to 320 mg TDS/g ash. Calcium was a major contributor to the TDS values, contributing from 20 to 105 g calcium/kg ash. Fly ash was a major contributor of leachable calcium. Precipitate formation in leachates from WTE combustion residues could be induced by adding mineral acids or through gas dissolution (carbon dioxide or air). Stabilization of residual calcium in fly ashes that are landfilled and/or the use of less leachable neutralization reagents during processing of acidic gases from WTE facilities could help to decrease the calcium levels in leachates and help to prevent precipitate formation in leachate collection systems. 相似文献